
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children in the United States. The program is administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and provides reimbursement to states to operate nonprofit breakfast programs in schools and residential childcare institutions. Funding is provided in the form of cash reimbursements for each breakfast served, with the amount varying based on family income. Schools may also qualify for higher severe need reimbursements if a certain percentage of their lunches are served for free or at a reduced price.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of Program | Federally funded meal program |
| Administered By | Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) at the federal level; state education agencies at the state level; local school food authorities at the school level |
| Participating Institutions | Public and private schools, and child care facilities |
| Eligibility | All children in participating schools and residential institutions |
| Meal Cost | Depends on family income; free meals for children from low-income families; reduced price meals for those with slightly higher incomes; full price for those above a certain income level |
| Funding Source | United States Department of Agriculture (USDA); funded by annual agricultural appropriations |
| Reimbursement Rates | $1.55 for each free breakfast; $1.25 for each reduced-price breakfast; $0.27 for each paid breakfast; higher rates for Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico |
| Year Started | 1966 (as a pilot project); made permanent in 1975 |
| Number of Meals Provided | Over 2.4 billion school breakfasts as of FY 2018 |
| Number of Children Served | Allowed 14.8 million children to receive free or reduced-price breakfasts as of FY 2018 |
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What You'll Learn

The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is federally funded
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children at public and private schools, as well as childcare facilities in the United States. The program is administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The SBP began as a pilot project in 1966 and was made permanent in 1975.
Federal funding is provided in the form of cash reimbursements for each breakfast served, with the amount varying based on the family income of the participating child. Schools that choose to take part in the program receive these cash subsidies from the USDA and, in return, must serve breakfasts that meet federal requirements. They are required to offer free or reduced-price breakfasts to eligible children, with specific guidelines for family income levels. For instance, free meals must be provided to children from families with incomes below 130% of the federal poverty line, while reduced-price meals are offered to those with incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty line.
The FNS formulates meal patterns and nutrition guidelines according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The breakfasts provided through the SBP typically include fruits or vegetables, whole grain-rich foods, meats or alternatives, and milk. These meals are designed to ensure that students receive adequate nutrition to support their learning and overall well-being. Schools have the autonomy to decide on the specific foods served and their preparation methods, but they must adhere to the established nutritional standards.
The SBP has been shown to have positive effects on students' academic performance, attendance, and behavior. Research indicates that students who participate in the program tend to have higher test scores, improved concentration and memory, and exhibit more positive psychosocial behavior. The program also addresses food insecurity, ensuring that children from low-income households have access to nutritious meals, which is particularly crucial for those in rural areas.
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Schools receive cash reimbursements for each meal served
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children at public and private schools, as well as childcare facilities in the United States. The program is administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
School districts and independent schools that opt to participate in the breakfast program receive cash reimbursements from the USDA for each meal they serve. The reimbursement rates vary depending on family income, with higher reimbursement rates for schools in Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Schools that serve a specified percentage of free or reduced-price lunches may qualify for "severe need" reimbursements, which are up to 23 cents higher than normal.
In return for the cash subsidies, schools must comply with certain requirements. They must serve breakfasts that meet federal nutrition standards and offer free or reduced-price meals to eligible children, regardless of family income. The meal patterns for breakfast typically include fruits or vegetables, whole grain-rich foods, meats or alternatives, and milk, while being limited in sodium, calories, saturated fats, and trans fats.
The SBP has proven to be successful, with research showing that students who participate in the program have improved academic performance, better attendance, and fewer behavior problems. The program has also been found to be particularly beneficial for students from low-income households, who are more likely to face food insecurity.
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Schools must meet federal requirements to qualify
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children at public and private schools, and childcare facilities in the United States. To qualify for funding, schools must meet federal requirements.
Firstly, schools must offer free or reduced-price breakfasts to eligible children. Children from families with incomes below 130% of the federal poverty level must be offered free meals, while those with family incomes between 130% and 185% of the poverty level are eligible for reduced-price meals. Families above the 185% poverty level must pay full price for their meals, although the school is still partially reimbursed. Schools set their own prices for these paid meals, but they must operate their meal services as non-profit programs. Schools in Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico may qualify for higher reimbursement rates.
Secondly, schools must meet the current meal pattern and nutrition standards. Breakfasts must meet the applicable recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and include fruits (or vegetables), whole grain-rich foods, meats or alternatives, and milk. They are also limited in sodium, calories, saturated fats, and trans fats. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides schools with technical training and assistance to help school food services prepare healthy meals.
Thirdly, schools must administer the program according to federal, state, and local guidelines. At the federal level, the SBP is administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). State education agencies administer the program at the state level, and local school food authorities operate the program in schools.
By meeting these federal requirements, schools can qualify for funding through the School Breakfast Program and provide free and reduced-cost breakfasts to eligible children.
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Schools in higher-need areas may receive higher reimbursements
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children in public and private schools, as well as childcare facilities in the United States. The program is administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). While all children in participating schools are eligible for subsidized meals, free meals are specifically offered to those from families with incomes below 130% of the federal poverty level.
Schools that choose to take part in the breakfast program receive cash reimbursements from the USDA for each meal they serve. These reimbursements are higher for schools serving a higher proportion of free or reduced-price meals, with the most recent rates being $1.55 for each free breakfast, $1.25 for each reduced-price breakfast, and $0.27 for each paid breakfast. Schools in areas of severe need may qualify for even higher reimbursements, with rates up to 23 cents higher than normal for free and reduced-price breakfasts.
The SBP has been shown to positively impact students' academic achievement and attendance, particularly in higher-need areas. Research has found that students who participate in the SBP have higher standardized test scores, improved psychosocial behavior, and decreased levels of absenteeism and lateness. The program also helps address food insecurity, which can have detrimental effects on the health and development of children.
To further enhance the effectiveness of the SBP, strategies such as serving breakfast after the bell and offering breakfast at no charge to all students have been suggested. Community eligibility, which allows high-poverty schools to offer meals at no cost, can also increase participation and reduce administrative burdens. These approaches aim to ensure that all students have access to nutritious breakfasts and are prepared for learning in the classroom.
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The USDA administers the SBP at the federal level
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children in public and private schools, as well as childcare facilities in the United States. The USDA administers the SBP at the federal level through its Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). The FNS provides reimbursement to states to operate nonprofit breakfast programs in schools and residential childcare institutions.
The USDA's role in the SBP is to ensure that schools meet the applicable recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The USDA requires that school breakfasts include fruits or vegetables, whole grain-rich foods and/or meats or meat alternates, and milk. To protect students' health, these meals are limited in sodium, calories, saturated fats, and trans fats.
The USDA also provides technical training and assistance to school food service staffs through Team Nutrition, helping them prepare healthy meals. Additionally, the USDA offers nutrition education to students, helping children understand the link between diet and health.
At the state level, the SBP is typically administered by state education agencies, which operate the program through agreements with local school food authorities. These local school food authorities make decisions about what specific foods to serve and how they are prepared.
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Frequently asked questions
The School Breakfast Program (SBP) is a federally funded meal program that provides free and reduced-cost breakfasts to children at public and private schools, and childcare facilities in the United States.
The School Breakfast Program is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and operates in the same manner as the National School Lunch Program (NSLP).
Schools that choose to take part in the breakfast program receive cash subsidies from the USDA for each meal they serve. In return, they must serve breakfasts that meet federal requirements and offer free or reduced-price breakfasts to eligible children.
Children from low-income households are eligible for free or reduced-price meals based on their household income or participation in other government programs, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. All children in participating schools are eligible for federally subsidized meals, regardless of family income.
For more information on the School Breakfast Program, you can contact the state agency in your state that is responsible for administering the program.











































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